Amongst the newest forms of investment vehicles available for wealthy individuals are Private Equity and Venture Capital.
However, it always seems to be a hot topic of discussion about Private Equity vs. Venture Capital (PE vs VC) and which one is better.
Private Equity vs Venture Capital (PE vs VC)
Definitions
A private equity (PE) investment is made by investor/s as per the goals, preferences, and investment strategies of the firm or individual investor and they usually focus on mature companies.
In general private equity provides working capital to the target private companies or venture capital firms to cultivate expansion, invest in new product development, or restructure the company.
One of the most common investment strategies in private equity is called venture capital funds investment or growth capital.
Venture capital (VC) is a strategy where financial assistance is provided to companies that are at the initial stages of their lives and have the potential to deliver supernormal returns justifying the investments made in them.
The venture capital fund earns money by acquiring equity instead of the investment it makes in the company.
Prime candidates usually are the ones with some novel technology or a unique business model in relatively newer sectors.
A venture capital fund makes its investment after the initial round of funding is done.
The stakes are done with a view of generating supernormal returns through events, such as an Initial Public Offering or sale of the target company to an existing bidder, which unlocks the company’s actual value.
Myth Busting
Private equity investments are not new; in fact, it has been in existence for almost a century and was the domain of wealthy individuals and families.
Some of the most famous private equity investors like the Wallenbergs, Vanderbilts, Whitneys, Rockefellers, and Warburgs among other famous private investors could be termed pioneer venture capitalists.
For example, Laurance S. Rockefeller helped finance the creation of both Eastern Air Lines and Douglas Aircraft in 1938. Eric M. Warburg founded E.M. Warburg & Co. in 1938, which was the forerunner to the current entity of Warburg Pincus, one of the most significant private equity firms with venture capital investment in both leveraged buyouts and venture capital.
The Wallenberg family created Investor AB in 1916 in Sweden and acted as venture capitalists for Swedish marquee companies such as ABB, Atlas Copco, and Ericsson, to name a few.
The confusion between the activities arises as the terms are often used interchangeably, even by those who are practitioners of this form of investment.
Both VC and PE are in the business of buying cheap and selling dear. However, the approach to this challenge is what fundamentally differentiates the two entities.
Private equity firms usually take an interest in a pre-existing enterprise with established products and positive operating cash flows.
PE firms try and restructure aspects of the company, which will optimize the company’s financial performance.
If the work comes out properly, then, Private Equity has demonstrated its ability to save poorly-performing companies from bankruptcy and turn them into viable enterprises.
The venture capital process is usually much messier. Often, you start with nothing more than a brilliant idea and the people behind it and work on the realization of the next big concept.
To make things easier, we can say that a PE fund will polish a rough diamond, whereas a VC firm would make investments in land parcels hoping for the next diamond mine to be in one of its investments.
What They Do
Both PE firms and VC firms invest in companies and make money by exiting – selling their investments.
What does private equity do?
What does venture capital do?
How Do They Do It?
It is an oversimplification that private equity firms simply acquire companies, make the lives of employees miserable, saddle the company’s balance sheet with debt, and then sell the company for a fat profit without doing anything substantial.
PE firms are not known to be actively involved in fixing a company’s operations. Still, they certainly do put in a lot of hard yards to improve the overall management of the company and find ways to expand – especially when it’s a recession, and there’s not much buying and selling of large companies.
Venture capitalists, on the other hand, get involved with the operational nitty-gritty of the firm if they feel that the firm in question is wavering on focus, the stage of the company, and how much the current owners want them to be involved.
Risk and Return
You might now be wondering, “So which model produces higher returns?”
Although there have been a lot of talks, in reality, returns in both industries are much lower than what investors claim to achieve.
Most VCs and PE firms target 20% returns, but there are a plethora of VCs who have given only 10% returns over a 5-year cycle, and many pension funds that invested in PE firms are living with sub-par performance.
One difference is that in both models, it is the firms at the top of the heap, which generate the returns.
The reason is that the best deals in the case of both the PE and Venture Capital firms almost always go to the top firms.
The People and How They Work
Private equity firms focus on roping in former investment banking analysts as the modeling, and due diligence work is almost in line with transactions in banking.
Non-investment banking people also get into private equity firms if they have good operational knowledge or have excellent contacts in the industry of focus for the private equity fund.
Venture Capital firms (VC firms), because of the very nature of the business, tend to attract a more diverse mix.
In essence, you’ll see ex-bankers, consultants, business development people, and even former entrepreneurs.
Especially at large PE firms, the work is not much different from investment banking. In essence, thus, you would be spending a lot of time in Excel valuing companies, looking at financial statements, and conducting due diligence, which is standard investment banking activities.
Additionally, you need to coordinate with other entities like accountants, lawyers, bankers, and other PE firms as per the deal’s requirements.
As you progress from a Private Equity career to Venture Capital (PE to VC), the work becomes more relationship-driven and less quantitative.
Some people may not like activities like cold-calling and the pressure of continually finding new companies to their liking.
Key Takeaway
To summarize the battle for Private Equity Vs. Venture Capital (PE vs VC) we may say that if you are a number-driven person with a passion for making things better, then Private Equity is the place to be.
You would enjoy the high that significant ticket investments make.
However, if you wish to unearth the next big thing and believe that you have it in you to find the next Google, Apple, or WhatsApp or something which no one thought would change the world, then Venture Capital would warm the cockles of your heart.
